Field Trip: Cold War Bunkers in Underground Berlin

Even though our schedules were filled with academic visits to places related to Germany’s role in the European Union, we still had the chance to explore the beauty of some of Germany’s magnificent tourist attractions. One such place which captured my attention is known as the Cold War Bunkers located underground, in Berlin - a local guide kept us entertained by providing a “what if” perspective. Imagine a nuclear threat was in the midst, what would Germany’s population do? The poor would find refuge in underground bunkers, and the rich would escape to their private bunkers. When my colleagues and I entered the bunkers, I began to feel a little claustrophobic since the spaces were small. The box-shaped rooms resembled a prison-like feel – a truly horrid feeling. Now, imagine how German citizens would feel after being trapped in these rooms – no privacy, no comfort, and absolutely destitute of any experience regarding cooperative survival skills, which is of utmost importance when handling the maintenance of the bunkers. The first room, which consisted of two heavy metal doors (for entering and exiting the room), required the survivors to shower in front of everyone and change into yellow track suits (only one size was available thus those who would not fit into what seemed like a small size would not be able to wear the track suit, or maybe they would have to and be uncomfortable for a while). Next, we visited the bathroom which was a bit disturbing because the toilets did not have toilet seats and they seemed rusty – sanitation and privacy were lacking. The room where everyone would rest in consisted of uncomfortable bunk beds which did not have mattresses – they would be forced to sleep on what appeared to be hammocks attached to sturdy metal poles. In addition to the bathroom and resting room, the kitchen was the next room that we visited. The bowls and plates were made out of plastic and the cupboards were filled with non-perishable foods – from canned vegetables to canned beans. The pots were very big, which would allow the chef to provide portions for at least 50 people at a time. At the end of the tour, our tour guide emphasized that if a nuclear war did break out, the bunkers would have been destroyed because they were not built deep enough. Therefore, if citizens were forced to vacate their homes and hide in underground bunkers, it would have been in vain – a tragic ending to the magnificent, yet upsetting tour. Being able to walk through a bunker which would have been used if a nuclear war broke out is an experience that I will never forget. Unfortunately, we were not allowed to take pictures but some pictures can be found online:  http://www.viator.com/tours/Berlin/Underground-Berlin-Subways-Bunkers-and-the-Cold-War-Walking-Tour/d488-2796SUBWAY/photos. 

Field Trip: Our Last Stop - Leipzig!

 Located in Eastern Germany, Leipzig is well known for its Oct 9^th, 1989 peaceful candle protest. The peaceful candle protest began in Nicolaikirche, an old church in downtown Leipzig, where people gathered to stand up against the socialist GDR regime. As events continued to unfold the Berlin Wall came down almost a month later and this led to German Reunification. At the same time, however, this meant significant changes for the city of Leipzig (and East Germany in general). 

New Town Hall

      To learn more about this German city, we were lucky enough to be able to schedule a meeting at its New Town Hall, focusing on the topic of urban renewal. German reunification brought the city of Leipzig many new challenges. After reunification, industries in Leipzig quickly closed down when exposed to the competitive nature of West Germany's capitalist market in the newly reunified Germany. This led to a dramatic loss in jobs in Leipzig– about 100,000 jobs were lost in the 1990s. To make matters worse for the city, many of its citizens decided to move to West Germany in order to find employment. This resulted in a striking decline of the city’s population and many vacant residential areas as people could not afford to pay rent anymore. This problem persists into today where many vacant buildings remain and/or are in  need of serious renovation.

                                                      

We were able to understand the effects of  reunification on Leipzig quite well because we had already seen a glimpse of them during our first day in the city. While we were travelling on the streetcar from the train station to our accommodation, we passed many abandoned looking buildings with metal bars on the windows which led us to ask ourselves: ‘Why does this neighbourhood look abandoned – is it really? Why do the streets look so empty?’ The neighbourhood in which we stayed had an almost eerie quiet atmosphere. At our town hall meeting, we learned that the particular area we were staying in was the one that needed the most renovation. While this eerie, quiet, abandoned look was our first impression of the city, we soon discovered that Leipzig has a different side to it - it is aiming to be a competitive and vibrant city.

   Reunification brought many challenges to Leipzig, but the city has been hard at work addressing them in order to make itself more competitive and vibrant. In the last decade there was a slight increase in population (from 493,000 to 522,000) in the city - mostly people migrating from other parts of East Germany - and Leipzig is doing its best to attract new businesses. Right now Leipzig houses sites for BMW, Porsche, Amazon and DHL. This is significant because it gives the city a good economic boost, in the wake of the great de-industrialization it faced only a couple decades ago. For example, when BMW came to Leipzig about 5,000 new jobs were created. The city also has a number of projects and commitments in place in hope of being able to attract new investment and people looking for a place to call home. In order to ensure Leipzig would face the future and be able to continuously adapt to its changing economy and demography the "Integrated City Development Concept" was put into action in 2009.  This plan focuses on many aspects such as housing, education, civil society, culture, historical preservation, etc. This vision falls in line with the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities which shows that the European Union recognizes the important role of cities. 

For information about the Leipzig Charter

link: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/urban/leipzig_charter.pdf

For a recent report
 link: http://urbact.eu/en/projects/disadvantaged-neighbourhoods/lcfacil/news/?newsid=718

Mädler Passage Arcades

Further transformation of the city will take time and effort as things cannot simply be done overnight. One important aspect the city is prioritizing is tourism and its downtown area. After settling in our accommodation we went out to explore the city and found ourselves in the downtown core.  The downtown area was very polished, bright and busy, with simply amazing architecture. It was evident that much investment had gone into the city's downtown core. One particularly spectacular building was the Mädler Passage Arcades consisting of many high-end stores. The reason this area receives special attention is because, not only does it aim to attract different sorts of businesses and tourists in order to bring revenue into the city but it also presents itself as an attractive place for potential migrants looking for a city to settle in.

After visiting the central part of the city, we went on a walking tour led by Dr. Bernd Adamek-Schyma. This tour opened our eyes to the western part of the city and it was important to us because we were able to explore an area where the average tourist would be unlikely to visit. Unlike the area where our accommodations were located (in the east), the west part of the city was much brighter and many renovations were underway. The neighbourhoods we passed by in this part of the city appeared to be very close-knit and almost everyone in the community seemed to know each other.

      

Guardian Houses

One of the things that stood out for me the most was the concept of a guardian house. (Wächterhaus) It’s quite a fascinating project which was initiated by HausHalten e.V and is supported by the city of Leipzig and the European Parliament. The purpose of the project is to bring people into vacant residential areas. As mentioned earlier, as a result of reunification the city has many vacant buildings due to out-migration and unemployment.  As many of these buildings have remained empty for years they have begun to deteriorate and we now have what we would call, ghost neighbourhoods.  The HausHalten e.V established itself in order to help address the problem and preserve the buildings. The way this project works is that the owner of a vacant building provides living space for the tenant rent-free. The types of tenants consist of students, artists, and entrepreneurs.  They move into these buildings and in return cover maintenance costs and ‘look after’ the space. This in turns prevents the building from further decay and it is the tenant’s responsibility to keep the space in good shape. The tenant and owner enter into a legal framework which mediates their relationship.

Sign above door indicating that it is a guardian house

This is a great idea because not only does it revive neighbourhoods but it also helps to preserve historical buildings. Leipzig has many 19^thcentury buildings in rough shape and this project can help maintain them. As people move in, they take care of the space as if it were their own living space and the buildings come alive once again – in this sense they are the guardians of the building. Many of the tenants tend to be artists who use these building as a way to display their creativity. This is particularly great because it gives the city a cultural dimension. 

If you're interested in this subject, there is a video I found on YouTube which delves into the specifics of the concept, and can help give a visual of the city and the projects in progress.
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGeUPre2_lI

                                                          

Scenery from our walk near the end of the tour

Field Trip: Germany's Role in the European Union

Now that we've all returned from our field trip to Germany, the remainder of our posts will focus on the highlights and content of our trip. While our trip was organized based on the theme of Germany's role in the European Union, we were also able to include a few tours and meetings that covered more localized topics that were relevant to the three cities we visited (Frankfurt, Berlin, and Leipzig). These have contributed to our understanding of contemporary German culture and community in some of Germany's cities. Since most of us were visiting Germany for the first time, incorporating a look at more localized aspects of German culture has helped us to articulate a more complex understanding of how Germany operates at both the localized and international level.

Kreuzberg Walking Tour with Dr. Thomas Bürk

On our first day in Berlin, we woke up bright and early to meet Dr. Thomas Bürk in Kreuzberg, a working class neighborhood located in the eastern part of Berlin where we were given an insightful tour which focused on the ongoing process of gentrification in the city, as well as some of the major developments that have taken place in the area from the Second World War onward.  

Oberbaum Bridge

We started out near Oberbaum Bridge, which we learned was used as a boarder crossing between former East and West Berlin. Having just arrived in Berlin the night before, we were exited to have our first glimpse of the former East/West divide, as this was a major topic of interest for a number of us when we initially took interest in Germany as the focus of the International Studies Symposium for 2012.

 As we made our way through the residential streets of Kreuzberg, we learned that the neighborhood was mainly inhabited by working-class and immigrant communities who have been faced with the problem of rising rent costs, an issue which has emerged in a number of Germany cities in recent years, especially those that are located in the former East. For more information on gentrification in Berlin, here are a couple of online articles written from different perspectives:

German Gentrification

Gentrification in Germany

Pre-war, post-war, and post modern buildings in Kreuzberg

            An interesting insight Dr. Bürk noted during the tour was the varied ages and styles of housing found in the area. The neighborhood was composed of an interesting mix of pre- and post-war buildings juxtaposed with post-modern structures.  As we were led through Görlitzer Park (where the scene was somewhat reminiscent of Trinity Bellwoods Park here in Toronto) we spotted families, couples, and groups of young people relaxing and enjoying the warm weather. We were fortunate enough to catch a glimpse of what some might call left-wing propaganda in preparation for the May Day protests, which would be taking place just a few days later.

Dr. Bürk and Nancy at Tempelhofer Park

View of Tempelhofer Park

            Our last stop was Tempelhof Park, a former airstrip used during the Second World War, which was recently turned into a huge, beautiful community park and is currently the subject of heated debates surrounding the future use of the space, much like the rest of Kreuzberg’s neighborhoods.

A Tour of West Leipzig – Art & Reunification, Traces of the GDR with Dr. Bernd Adamek-Schyma

East Leipzig

During our brief stay in Leipzig we met with Dr. Bernd Adamek-Schyma, a local cultural geographer who took us on a tour of the western parts of the city. The tour focused on a mixture of reunification, traces of the former GDR, gentrification, and local art. What was initially striking was how the developments currently taking place in the western parts of Leipzig seemed to contrast heavily with those in eastern Leipzig where our hostel was located.  While the west was undergoing a process of restoration and renewal (much to the dismay of some of the area's inhabitants), the east seemed quiet and dismal with its empty streets and abandoned storefronts.

Urban development in west Leipzig

Dr. Adamek-Schyma’s tour was an excellent supplement to the knowledge we gained during our earlier appointments with the City of Leipzig and the Helmholtz Institute, which focused on urban development in Leipzig and the issue of shrinking cities in Europe (Leipzig is one of many) respectively. Leipzig has been undergoing a heavy overhaul of urban renewal in the years since reunification took place and has only begun to see some regrowth in its population since a massive amount of its former inhabitants migrated to the former West once the border was opened.

Interior of a typical Leipzig apartment.

The Spinnerei

As our tour began, we walked past a local market to a old apartment building in the mist of renovations.  Here we were given an introduction to Leipzig’s alternative art community at a small public gallery located inside. We were fortunate to be able to take a look at one of the apartments inside the building, which gave us an idea of what it might have been like to live in a typical Leipzig dwelling during GDR times. As we continued through the streets of west Leipzig we passed through a community garden, which sadly will only serve its current purpose until the property it is located on is sold for development. We then ventured to a slightly more up-scale neighborhood located along the river and made our way to the Spinnerei, an old cotton factory-turned art district. Here we were very fortunate to visit HALLE 14, a not-for-profit art space promoting contemporary art. After a day of meetings and a long trek on foot the exhibits at HALLE 14 made for an intriguing end to our study-tour agenda.

Contemporary art at HALLE 14

While the majority of our scheduled meetings, presentations, and tours during our field trip focused Germany’s role in the European Union, these alternative walking tours shed light on the fact that although Germany may hold a strong international reputation of being a global economic heavy-weight and a central figure in the workings of the European Union, it continues to experience its own internal difficulties at the local level. Having visited to Germany for the first time, it was surprising to discover that remnants of the former East/West divide are not so hard to come by especially in parts of the former East.  

The alternative walking tours focused on aspects of contemporary German society and culture, which might not have been obvious to the average visitor. They gave us a sense of the existing importance of community involvement in some of Germany’s cities. They also provided insight to some of the obstacles faced by of the working-class and immigrant populations in Germany. For us, this has culminated in a more complex understanding of Germany at the social level and has allowed us to articulate a more realistic understanding of German culture and society, which are sometimes overshadowed by a more dominant focus German politics and economics as Germany tries to mitigate some of the pressures being faced by the European Union.

 

Prospects and Challenges for Contemporary Germany – Glendon College’s 17th International Studies Sympoisum

On Saturday, March 31st, 2012, the Junior Research Fellows of the European Union Centre of Excellence hosted the 17th Annual Glendon International Studies Symposium at York University's Glendon College. This year’s conference was titled Prospects and Challenges for Contemporary Germany.

Dr. Birgit Mahnkopf, keynote speaker

 

The symposium opened with a Keynote address by Dr. Birgit Mahnkopf from the Berlin School of Economics and Law, who presented a critical assessment of Germany’s role in the European debt crisis. A number of speakers from Germany, Canada, and the United States attended the conference which covered some of the more contemporary issues faced by today’s Germany, including recent developments in German environmental policies; Germany’s changing role in European and transatlantic security relations; its approach to security measures and human dignity vis-a-vis Canada and the US; and the social impact of immigrant integration policies via the German education system, in comparison with Canadian and US practices. Participants and guests were served an authentic European lunch catered by The Prague: Fine Food Emporium and a live musical performance was given by a talented, German-born musical artist, Nilima.

This year’s symposium coordinators - all undergraduate students of the International Studies program at York University’s Glendon College - were recognized as Junior Research Fellows of the European Union Centre of Excellence at York University and will soon be leaving for Germany to conduct field research which will focus on Germany’s role in the European Union.

Germany Symposium was made possible through the generous support of a number of institutions inside and outside York University including the Office of the Vice-President Academic & Provost, the Glendon College Student Union (GCSU), the European Union Centre of Excellence, York International, the Heinrich Böll Foundation and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).

For more information on the International Studies Symposium project at Glendon College, York University please visit the International Studies website.

One more week!

Its official! There is only one week left until Germany Symposium: Prospects and Challenges for Contemporary Germany takes place. Preparations are under way and the Jr. Research Fellows have been scrambling to finalize every last detail in hopes that the day will go as planned. For specific details regarding session times and speakers, our program is now available on our website.


Local, German-born musical artist Nilima will be performing during the lunch break. Have a listen for yourself: http://www.nilimamusic.com/.

Musical Artist Nilima Performing Live

Lunch is being catered by The Prague: Fine Food Emporium, a local restaurant specializing in various kinds of European cuisine. Some of their German specialties include sausages & cold cuts, garlic & herb spätzle, and various kinds of schnitzel all of which are included in our lunch menu.


Finally, here's a look at our afternoon roundtable sessions.


Constitutional Challenges Post 9/11:  Security Measures and Human Dignity

Germany’s constitution balances national security and liberty. Germany’s ability to face terrorist threats without undermining liberty has motivated us to study this in further detail. For instance, the Aviation Security Act, which would allow armed forces to shoot down a hijacked aircraft, was nullified by Germany’s highest court since it was not compatible with its Basic Law. This panel will compare Canada and Germany’s constitution in order to gain a more complete understanding of how both countries react to threats and security issues while dealing with preservation of human dignity. The panel will explore the challenges Germany has faced with regard to its Basic Law in its attempt to balance national security measures with individual liberty in the post 9/11 context. The extent to which these constitutional challenges resonate or contrast with American national security and anti-terrorism policies remains a key point of debate with regard to Germany’s transatlantic Relations.

Speakers include:

Russell A. Miller
Associate Professor of Law & Ethan Allen Faculty Fellow,Washington and Lee University

Kent Roach
Professor of Law & Prichard Wilson Chair of Law and Public Policy, University of Toronto

Alice Beauheim
Political/Legal Analyst, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Washington DC


The Education System: A Tool For Immigrant Integration or Social Dislocation?

This panel focuses on Germany’s education system; how it functions as an integration tool for immigrants, leading to a discussion of the challenges affiliated with integrating immigrants. These challenges range from educational aspirations in immigrant families in comparison to those born in Germany to the different education tracks that lead to distinct qualifications. Germany’s school system is highly stratified and the futures of students are determined at an early stage. Panelists will include experts on both the Canadian and American education systems, and their challenges and prospects for integrating immigrants in comparison to Germany’s education system.

Speakers include:

Onur Suzan Kömürcü Nobrega
PhD Candidate, Goldsmiths, University of London

Ranu Basu
Associate Professor, Department of Geography, York University

Jill P. Koyama
Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Education,University of Buffalo, the State University of New York

A Look at German Foreign Policy

For those interested in international politics, take a look at our foreign policy panel. Interested in attending? Register at our website!

Germany's Transformed Multilateralism: European Security and the Transatlantic Relationship

 Germany’s foreign policy has undergone a series of developments in the past 60 years that have been largely shaped by the collective memory of its past military aggression. Even today, Germany's historical memory continues to shape its foreign and security policy decisions and this has led to the Bundestag’s strong commitment to multilateral cooperation. While German multilateralism has been characterized by interdependency and mutual cooperation in the earlier post-reunification years, its actions in the post 9/11 context might suggest a turn to a deeper consideration of national interests when responding to international issues.

Confirmed Speakers 

Beverly Crawford

Associate Director & Associate Research Political Scientist, Center for German and European Studies, University of California at Berkeley

Peter Schmidt

Honorary Professor, University of Mannheim

Benjamin Zyla

Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Ottawa

Kay Kuhlen

Lieutenant-Colonel, Head of the Military Attachés Office, German Embassy, Ottawa

A Sneak-Peek at Our Environment Panel

Here is a brief overview of our environment panel, Promising or Risky Environmental Policies? which focuses on Germany’s environmental policies and recent green initiatives.  

Germany’s renewable energy endeavors have received growing attention in the past few years. Following the Tohoku tsunami in March 2011, which led to Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Germany has announced its commitment to cease all nuclear power production and close all plants by 2022. Its use of alternative energy sources as both a green energy initiative and as a means of replacing nuclear energy demonstrate Germany's strong environmental consciousness. In today’s world it is difficult to avoid talks related to pollution, nuclear waste and the emission of greenhouse gases.

Panelists and Guest speakers include:

Lutz Mez (Environmental Policy Research Centre, Freie Universität Berlin)

José Etcheverry (Environmental Studies, York University)

Maya Jegen (Political Science, University of Québec at Montréal)

Chuck Farmer (Ontario Power Authority)

In addition to the morning keynote, the environment panel is one of four afternoon sessions to be held at the symposium on March 31^st, 2012. Information on additional panels will be posted over the next few weeks.

Tour of Glendon's New Addition!

Here we are on the 2nd floor of Glendon's new addition!
Nancy Tran, Nicole Thwaites, Gilles Fortin, Sunny Gladish, Malvina Jozwik.

Last Friday, a few of us were given a tour of the new addition to Glendon’s York Hall. If all goes as planned and construction stays on schedule, I'm exited to say that this is where we'll be hosting the Symposium this year. Gilles Fortin, Glendon’s Executive Officer was kind enough to meet with us and gave us a tour of what has been completed so far. So we threw on our hard-hats as we wandered through the many rooms and corridors that will soon become Glendon’s lovely new wing and (more importantly) the location of Germany Symposium! All in all, the tour was quite a treat. We can only hope that construction will go as planned so that its ready for us to take over at the end of March.  

Esther Phua, one of Glendon’s eAmbassadors, also joined us on the tour. We’re happy to say that she will be helping us to promote and cover Germany Symposium during the day of the conference! In the meantime, check out Esther’s Blog!

Introducing our panel topics and Keynote speaker

Now that we are well into the Winter term, the conference is really starting to come together. I’m happy to announce that Dr. Birgit Mahnkopf, Professor of European Politics at the Berlin School of Economics and Law Berlin, will be participating in the symposium as our keynote speaker. Dr. Mahnkopf will be speaking during our morning panel on Germany's role in the ongoing European debt crisis. Further information on her research interests and publications can be found HERE.

 

Here is the list of panel topics that will be explored in detail during Germany Symposium 2012: Prospects and Challenges for Contemporary Germany:

Morning Panel 

The Euro Crisis: Germany to the Rescue? 

The morning session is about Germany’s role in the Euro crisis, which has been a highly discussed topic for several months now. For this reason, it would be interesting to bring this as the main topic for the morning session so that the many opinions on Germany’s role in the Euro crisis could be brought to the table with the possibility of shedding some light on current opinions. 

Afternoon Panels 

Promising or Risky Environmental Policies?
The first topic is on Germany’s environmental policies and initiatives.  The topic came about in order to bring the much attention needed to Germany’s initiatives towards renewable energy.  Following the Fukushima disaster, Germany has made a commitment to shut down all of its nuclear power plants by 2022. In the current world it is difficult to escape from talks related to pollution, nuclear waste and the emission of greenhouse gases.  This is why it is important to bring awareness to the actions people can take to prevent any further damage to the environment.

Germany’s Transformed Multilateralism: European Security and the Transatlantic Relationship 

The second topic is on Germany’s foreign policy. We felt that it would be interesting to try and focus on Germany and its transatlantic relationship, its policy towards and inside the EU, as well as Germany’s transformed multilateralism. Some have argued that Germany’s foreign policy revolves around its status as a civilian power, and this has ultimately had an impact on Germany’s actions towards NATO and the EU.

Constitutional Challenges Post 9/11: Security Measures and Human Dignity  

The third topic is on Germany’s constitution.  This was inspired by Germany’s constitution and how it balances national security, and liberty. Germany’s ability to face terrorist threats without undermining liberty has motivated us to study this in further detail. For instance, the Aviation Security Act, which would allow armed forces to shoot down a hijacked aircraft, was nullified by Germany’s highest court since it was not compatible with the Basic Law.  It would be fascinating to compare Canada and Germany’s constitution in order to have a more complete understanding of how both countries react to threats and security issues dealing with preserving human dignity.

The Education System: A Tool for Immigrant Integration or Social Division?  

The final topic looks into Germany’s education system, and how it functions as an integration tool for immigrants, leading to a discussion of the challenges affiliated with integrating immigrants. These challenges range from educational aspirations in immigrant families in comparison to those born in Germany to the different education tracks that lead to distinct qualifications. Germany’s school system is highly stratified and the futures of students are determined at an early stage. There will be speakers who will be able to comment on Canada’s education system and the challenges and prospects for integrating immigrants, as well as Germany’s system to compare the two.

 
More information on panelists and other guest speakers will be posted over the next few weeks.

What we've been up to.

On Friday, January 18th the Junior Research Fellows hosted the Official Launch of the Germany Symposium 2012.  In all honesty, we were a little worried about the possibility of a miniscule turn-out. Since it was a Friday evening, we knew there was always the possibility that people would rather rush home to relax for the weekend. However, much to our pleasure, the event was a success. Following speeches made by Principal Kenneth McRoberts and our supervisors, Prof. Dagmar Soennecken and Prof. Ulrich Best, we introduced ourselves and the scope of our project to a room full of fellow students, professors, family, and guests from the German community. Other notable guests included Consul General Sabine Sparwasser, Dr. Lorna Wright (Associate Vice-President International), Prof. Stanislav Kirschbaum (Chair of the International Studies Department), and Prof. Sabine Dreher. We would like to thank you all for your generous support and contributions to our project!

All in all, we were happy with the outcome of the event. We were able to raise a considerable amount of funds through our raffle and silent auction, the food was tasty, and we had the opportunity to mingle and network with fellow students, faculty, and members of the Germany community here in Toronto.

 Here are a few snapshots for those of you who missed the event.

The Symposium Team

Guests enjoying tasty appetizers.

Prof. Stanislav Kirschbaum, Principal Kenneth McRoberts, Consul General Sabine Sparwasser

Prof. Ulrich Best, Prof and Dagmar Soennecken - our wonderful supervisors

During the month of January we also held a bake sale in the York Hall breezeway. It was quite a success! Thank you fellow Glendon students for your support!

Our Funding Coordinator, Sue Vivanco, selling the goods.

With all that said, we still have much work ahead of us as we are now less than two months away from the conference!